Today, pilot wells are used for sampling the layers of the earth during deviation drilling. In order to reduce costs and facilitate operations in situations where it is not possible to use a pilot well for coring, coring studies are carried out in a deviant manner. Investigating the effect of drilling parameters on penetration rate in core drilling of deviated wells is important to optimize operations. In this regard, the rate of penetration is studied and simulated by preparing concrete samples for coring in a deviant way with laboratory devices, so that it reaches the most optimal state with the least amount of time, along with the necessary safety. In this research, cubic concrete samples with uniaxial compressive strength of 30 MPa and porosity of 31% have been used, and the effect of these parameters on the rate of penetration has been investigated by applying various weight on bit and angles of deviation. According to the experiments, the direct effect of the weight on bit on the penetration rate until reaching the turning point and the optimal value was observed. Also, by increasing the extra weight on bit, it causes a change in the mechanism of the bit's performance in drilling and loses its tangential state and causes the small particles of the sample to be torn off, which reduces the life of the drill bit.

Rotational drilling was a revolution in drilling technology. It made the drilling process more efficient and faster and more depth of well could be achieved through rotation method. Besides all of its advantages, the rotation approach induced some problems like pipe sticking and downhole cleaning to the drilling procedure. Hole cleaning and reduction of torque and drag seems to be vital in inclined and horizontal ones due to its complexity and inclination. In this manuscript, hydraulic, torque and drag analysis were surveyed to investigate whether the path proposed for a well in the south of Iran is adequate or not. The required information was provided from associated drilling company and the proposed well trajectory used with hydraulic and drag data to run simulations via drilling office software. Effective axial load, Interaction of well and drill string, Comparison of stresses and von Mises graph were reported. Mentioned graphs showed the consistency of drilling project. The sensitivity of pressure drop to the pump flow rate and critical required rate to clean up annulus also reported pressure drop through the drilling system and required flow rate to clean up the bottom hole. In another word, obtained results of drag and hydraulic showed the consistency of trajectory.

The effects of planting methods for plant establishment of grass were studied in this work. Three important grass species in Iranian rangelands are Agropyron elengatum, A. desertorum and Bromus tomentellus. The investigated planting methods were broadcasting, shallow drilling and deep drilling. The experiment was carried out in split plot experimental design. The main factors were planting methods and the sub factors were grass species. They were planted in three replications and in two years. In broadcasting, a 28-blade disk covered the seeds. A Rau experimental planter was used in shallow and deep drilling methods. In shallow drilling method furrow openers were not used on planter. For deep drilling furrow openers were installed on planter. This study was carried out in 1997and 1998.In the broadcasting planting method, the seedling was not established properly. The best seedling establishment was in shallow drilling method. The seedlings were established intermediate in deep drilling method.

In this paper, the effect of surface curvature on calibration coefficients of the Hole-drilling method has been studied. Firstly, an FE simulation of the drilling process has been modeled for a flat surface. Then, the simulation has been implemented on a cylinder with different diameters and the calibration coefficients have been extracted. In all analyses, the stain-gauge rosette and hole diameter remain constant and mesh removal in the drilling simulation was achieved in eight increments. The comparison of simulation results and standard published calibration coefficients data for a flat surface show an acceptable error equal to 2.8 variation of errors between 0.6 to 6.2.

Introduction & Objective: deviated nose correction is difficult and constitutes a very different issue from septal deviation. When correcting this deformity, traces of asymmetry can be detected. The authors demonstrate facial asymmetry accompanying deviated noses, and such asymmetry is usually ignored by surgeons, who typically concentrate only on nose deformities.Materials & Methods: A total of 5822 pre- and post-rhinoplasty photographs related to 547women and 124 men were reviewed. Three separate groups were selected out of the total population:Group A: Gross Nose and face asymmetryGroup B: Nose asymmetry with no facial deformityGroup C: Facial asymmetry with straight noseDifferent measurements were applied to the selected photos. These included measurement from the lateral canthi to the lateral mouth corners (D1) and from the mid-face to each most lateral part of the zygomatic arch (D2). Measurements from one side were compared to those from the contralateral side to identify true anatomic differences (Figure 1).Results: There was a significant difference in the nose and face deformity group, as evidenced by a meaningful difference in both the D1 and D2 measurements Conclusions: We report a significant growth retardation of the mid-face and orbit on the concave side of the nose. This impediment may serve as the etiology for many asymmetries of the face and nose.

Background: The deviated nose is a challenging problem for the correction of which different approaches may be used. This study introduces a technique using an extended osteocartilaginous spreader graft from a/the quadrangular septum and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. After performing medial osteotomy on the concave side, the nasal bone is lateralized and an extended osteocartilaginous spreader graft is inserted between the nasal bone and the septum to prevent further retraction of the concave side due to the fibrotic scar tissue. On the contralateral side, a low lateral osteotomy is performed as routine. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective follow-up of fifty-nine patients with deviated nose, who underwent corrective surgeries and were followed for six months to four years. The results were categorized as excellent, fair, and poor according to physical examinations, post-op photography, and patients’ satisfaction.Results: Forty-eight patients (81.3%) had excellent results. Fair improvement was detected in eight patients (13.6%), while only three patients (5.1%) were classified as poor results.Conclusion: An extended osteocartilaginous spreader graft accompanied with medial osteotomy and lateralizing the nasal bone on the concave side is a new technique with a high success rate for the correction of deviated noses.

Field experience shows that the cutting transportation and hole-cleaning phenomena are essential during the drilling phase. Particularly in directional drilling, when the accumulation of cutting has caused some drilling problems such as drill string sticking, formation failure, slow rate of penetration, drill bit abrasion, and the like. Through the study, a novel method for efficient hole cleaning, considering different parameters such as flow rate, the drill bit nozzles’ flow area, the consistency and flow behavior indices in the same time using PSO and ACO algorithms were implemented. Moreover, Power Law has been considered for the fluid rheology model. Based on this, the research parameter shows that the PSO algorithm is much more accurate than the ACO algorithm, improving objective function by 50% and 4%, respectively. The performance of each algorithm was evaluated, and the results show that hole cleaning has been significantly improved. The flow rate and the bit nozzle size, which play key roles, were selected as optimization variables. Effective parameters on hole cleaning were evaluated, and the results before and after optimization showed a significant improvement in the model. The PSO and ACO algorithms have been coded in MATLAB software, and the results are compared to the results of the ant colony. The amount of PV and YP has an inverse effect on the increment of minimum velocity required for cutting transport. Various model analyses reveal that the PSO algorithm is more accurate and robust than the Ant colony algorithm.